Effect of Tramadol on the Development of Chick Embryos

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Zoology department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Tramadol acts as a synthetic analgesic agent used to treat moderate to severe pain. The present study was designed to determinate the possible hazard effects of tramadol on the morphology of chick embryo and amniotic fluid biochemical changes. 240 Fertile chicken eggs were injected into the air sac with doses of 12.5,25,50 and 100 mg /kg egg wt, respectively, after 24 hr of incubation. Embryos were examined at 4 intervals on days 3, 6, 12, and 18 of incubation. Treated embryos showed an increase in mortality rates, growth retardation and many congenital malformations such as growth retardation, enlargement in the head region, and incomplete embryonic development on 3 days of incubation. Brain exencephaly, hematoma, acephaly, and ectopiacordis in 6 days of incubation. Undeveloped beak, reduced external auditory aperture and ectopia visceral were seen in 12-day treated embryos. While 18-day treated embryos exhibited oedema, anophthalmia, absence of feathers and limb deformities. Tramadol induced significant biochemical changes in the amniotic fluid including elevation in aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), sodium (Na), creatinine and urea besides reduction in the total protein, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Ph) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) when compared to control groups. Tramadol has an embryotoxic effect, as shown by an increase in congenital abnormalities and a considerable modification of some amniotic fluid biochemical parameters Therefore, it is recommended that tramadol should be taken only with the prescription of doctor and self-medication of this medicine may be hazardous.

Keywords

Journal of Scientific Research in Science
Volume 39, Issue 2
December 2022
Pages 194-218

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